What Causes Hyperpigmentation After Acne and How Can It Be Treated?

Updated on: 23rd December, 2024

This article explores why post-acne hyperpigmentation occurs and offers treatment options to help you achieve clearer, even-toned skin.

Post-acne hyperpigmentation, also known as post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH), occurs when your skin produces excess melanin as it heals from acne or a similar skin injury.

Melanin is the pigment that gives your skin its colour. When its production increases, dark spots or patches develop in the affected area, leaving your skin looking uneven or dull.

This condition is often more visible in people with darker skin tones and typically manifests as darkened areas on the skin after acne lesions heal.

Acne is an inflammatory condition. When your skin undergoes inflammation—whether superficial or in its deeper layers—it tries to heal itself.

During this healing process, pigment-producing cells (melanocytes) are stimulated, resulting in increased melanin production at the site of injury. This leads to hyperpigmentation or the formation of dark spots and patches.

Certain factors can worsen post-acne hyperpigmentation:

• Sun exposure: UV rays stimulate melanin production and can deepen existing pigmentation.
• Picking or squeezing pimples: This increases inflammation, worsening hyperpigmentation.

The good news is that hyperpigmentation can be treated, although patience and consistency are key. Here are some effective treatment options:

1. Make Sunscreen Your Best Friend

UV rays can worsen pigmentation and stimulate melanin production. Use a broad-spectrum sunscreen with proper SPF daily, whether you’re indoors or outdoors. Reapply it every 2–3 hours for optimal protection.

2. Topical Treatments

There are various creams and gels available to help fade pigmentation:

• Vitamin C: Known to brighten the skin and control melanin production.
• Niacinamide: An anti-inflammatory ingredient that can effectively lighten dark spots.
• Azelaic acid: A gentle acid that helps fade acne marks and improve pigmentation. It may initially cause mild irritation, so consult a dermatologist before use.
• Retinoids: Creams containing retinoic acid boost cell turnover, speeding up the fading of pigmentation. However, retinoids can be strong and require proper guidance from a dermatologist doctor to prevent skin irritation.

3. Chemical Peels

Chemical peels exfoliate the top layer of the skin, helping reduce pigmentation. Dermatologists may recommend peels containing glycolic acid, salicylic acid, lactic acid, or azelaic acid, depending on your skin type and the severity of your pigmentation.

4. Laser Treatments

For deeper or more stubborn pigmentation, laser treatments like fractional lasers or Q-switched lasers can be effective. These treatments target the melanin pigment and help lighten dark spots but must always be carried out under professional supervision.

5. Microneedling

Microneedling stimulates the skin using tiny needles to trigger healing and repair processes, effectively reducing pigmentation over time.

6. Be Cautious with DIY Remedies

Many people use turmeric, aloe vera, or other natural remedies to treat hyperpigmentation. While some may offer mild benefits, their effects are slow, and improper use can sometimes irritate or damage the skin. Always consult a dermatologist before trying at-home remedies.

Treating hyperpigmentation requires patience. Results typically take 3 to 6 months and depend on:

• The severity and depth of pigmentation.
• The effectiveness of your chosen treatment method.
• How well you care for your skin (e.g., using sunscreen and following skincare instructions).

Consistent care and adherence to your treatment plan are essential for faster and longer-lasting results.

Preventing hyperpigmentation is better than treating it. Follow these tips to avoid further pigmentation issues:

• Don’t pick or squeeze pimples. This reduces inflammation and prevents dark spots from forming.
• Use sunscreen daily, no matter the weather.
• Moisturise regularly to maintain your skin’s health and barrier.